evaluation of biorational component and chemicals for the management of lemon butterfly larvae on citrus

The investigation was conducted with imposed of treatments; Beauveriabassiana (1x108 CFU/ ml), Metarhiziumanisopliae (1x108 CFU/ ml), NSE (5.0%), Neem oil (2.0%), Spinosad 45 SC (0.03%), Imidacloprid 17.8 SL (0.005%), Acetamiprid 20 SP (0.04%), Abamectin 1.8 EC (0.003%) and Control (water spray) on Nagpur Mandarin against nursery pests. Such treatments were arranged in statistical design RBD with three replications, under green shade net nursery. In overall, cumulative effect of four applications of all the treatments, Abamectin 1.8 EC (0.003%) recording lowest (6.10 per cent) leaves infestation of leaf miner and found at par with Spinosad 45 SC (7.18 per cent) leaves infestation. The next best effective treatments, Acetamiprid 20 SP (9.34 per cent) of leaves infestation and Imidacloprid 17.8 SL (10.31 per cent) leaves infestation were at par with each other and found significantly superior to the Neem oil 2%, NSE 5 %, Beauveriabassiana1x108 CFU/ml and Metarhiziumanisopliae 1x108 CFU/ml respectively and these treatment groups were at par with each other. Maximum per cent infestation of leaf minor was noticed in control is (25.14 per cent).


Materials and Methods
The present investigation entitled, "Evaluation of biorational component and chemicals for the management of nursery pests on citrus" was carried out in the month of September-October 2014 at Centre of Excellence for Citrus (Indo-Israel Project), Bharat Nagar, Horticulture Section, College of Agriculture, Nagpur with a view to evaluate their efficacy against citrus leaf miner under nursery on Nagpur mandarin grafts. The material used and methodology adopted during the course of present experiment are described below.

Material
Material like insecticides, electronic balance, measuring cylinder, hand pump sprayer, containers, funnel, field lens, syringe (to take small quantity of liquid insecticide), luggage labels, price labels, thread, polythene bags, muslin cloth etc. were used during the course of experiment. Material and the facilities viz. citrus grafts, green shed net, labour etc. required for the investigation were provided by the, Professor of Entomology, Entomology section, Professor of Horticulture and I/c Centre of Excellence for Citrus, Horticulture Section, College of Agriculture, Nagpur, during the entire period of investigation.
The detail information regarding treatment used against citrus leaf miner in nursery on Nagpur mandarin is given in Table 1.
of hand pump sprayer and the plants were treated with sufficient care to cover whole of the plant surface, Due care was also under taken to avoid drifting of spray material from one treatment block to another. Spraying was conducted during morning hours.
Approximatelyone liter spray solution was prepared every time for spraying three blocks of each treatment.

Time of application of treatment
When incidence of nursery pest on citrus noticed in citrus nursery, spraying was initiated. In all, four applications were undertaken at 10 days of interval in the month September-October 2014. Observations of nursery pest on citrus infestation were recorded before 24 hours and after 3 and 7 days of spraying of each application.

Method of recording observation
Method adopted for recording observation of citrus nursery pests in the present investigation are as below, Pre-treatment observations were taken at before 24 hours of 1. treatment application.
Post-treatment observations were taken at of 3 and 7 days 2.
after treatment application.
Total 4 spraying were given at 10 days interval during the 3.
course of investigation.
Counted the nursery insect pests infestation on five randomly 4. selected plants from each block.
Counted total leaves and damage leaves by citrus leaf miner 5.
on 5 randomly selected plants from each treatment block for recording of percent leaf miner infestation.
Counted live and dead larvae of citrus leaf miner on infested 6.
leaves at pretreatment and post treatment period on five randomly selected plants from each treatment block for recording percent mortality.  The highest population was noticed in treatment Control (water spray) i.e. 1.87 larvae/plant. Saradaet. al. (2013) Similarly, spraying with aqueous extract of neem seed kernal @ 0.5% twice at 8 days interval was effectively checked the pest population as it has strong antifeedant and repellant activity [52,53] and stated that azadirachtin (0.3%) as effective one against citrus butterfly among the various neem products. The biopesticidesBacillus thuringiensis Var. Kurstaki (BTK), @ 2g/L and Azaditachtin 0.5% and Nimbecidin 0.03% at 4.5ml/L are effective botanicals against butterfly larvae. Hence these findings are some whatcorrelat with the result of present investigation and gave support to the data of biorational components. While the results of another treatment could not be compared due to want of literature.